Climate statistics based on the counties of Northern Ireland vary slightly but are not significantly different. Ireland is divided into four provinces , Connacht , Leinster , Munster and Ulster , and 32 counties. The map shows the county boundaries for all 32 counties. From an administrative viewpoint, 21 of the counties in the Republic are units of local government.
The other six have more than one local council area, resulting in a total of 31 county-level authorities. County Tipperary had two ridings , North Tipperary and South Tipperary , originally established in , renamed in [47] and amalgamated in The cities of Limerick and Waterford were merged with their respective county councils in to form new city and county councils.
Electoral areas in Ireland the state are called constituencies in accordance with Irish law , mostly follow county boundaries. Maintaining links to the county system is a mandatory consideration in the re-organisation of constituency boundaries by a Constituency Commission.
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In Northern Ireland, a major re-organisation of local government in replaced the six traditional counties and two county boroughs Belfast and Derry by 26 single-tier districts , [50] which, apart from Fermanagh cross the traditional county boundaries. The six counties and two county-boroughs remain in use for purposes such as Lieutenancy. In November , proposals were announced which would see the number of local authorities reduced to seven. Blanket bogs are the more widespread of the two types. They are essentially a product of human activity aided by the moist Irish climate.
Blanket bogs formed on sites where Neolithic farmers cleared trees for farming. As the land so cleared fell into disuse, the soil began to leach and become more acidic, producing a suitable environment for the growth of heather and rushes. The debris from these plants accumulated and a layer of peat formed. One of the largest expanses of Atlantic blanket bog in Ireland is to be found in County Mayo. Raised bogs are most common in the Shannon basin. They formed when depressions left behind after the last ice age filled with water to form lakes.
Debris from reeds in these lakes formed a layer at the bottom of the water to form fens. Dead plant matter, preserved by the water, eventually filled the lake, covering this alkaline base. This led to the growth of plants that could survive in a wet low-nutrient acidic medium, The plants kept growing and dying, increasingly well preserved by the acidic conditions and they piled up raising the surface of the bog above the surrounding land, forming raised bogs.
Since the 17th century, peat has been cut for fuel for domestic heating and cooking, and it is called turf when so used. The process accelerated as commercial exploitation of bogs grew. In the s, machines for cutting turf were introduced and larger-scale harvesting became possible.
In addition to domestic uses, commercially extracted turf is used in a number of industries, producing peat briquettes for domestic fuel and milled peat for electricity generation. In recent years, the destruction of bogs has raised environmental concerns. The issue is particularly acute for raised bogs which were more widely mined as they yield a higher-grade fuel than blanket bogs. Plans are now in place in both the Republic and Northern Ireland to conserve most of the remaining raised bogs on the island. Ireland has major marine resources, with a significant fishing industry in the Atlantic Ocean.
Offshore exploration for natural gas began in Gas from these fields is pumped ashore and used for both domestic and industrial purposes.
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Other mineral deposits with actual or potential commercial value include gold, silver, gypsum , talc , calcite , dolomite , roofing slate , limestone aggregate, building stone , sand and gravel. In May the Department of Communications, Marine and Natural Resources now replaced by the Department of Communications, Energy and Natural Resources reported that there may be volumes over billion barrels 2.
The minimum confirmed amount of oil in the Irish Atlantic waters is 10 billion barrels 1. There are also areas of petroleum and natural gas on shore, for example the Lough Allen basin, with 9. Already some fields are being exploited, such as the Spanish Point field, with 1. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Geography of the island of Ireland, northwestern Europe.
Main article: Geology of Ireland.
See also: List of mountains in Ireland. See also: List of rivers in Ireland and List of loughs in Ireland. Main article: Climate of Ireland. Further information: Counties of Ireland. Main article: Natural resources of Ireland. Ireland portal. Heritage Council. Retrieved 2 November Department of Argiculture, Environment and Rural Affairs. Government of Ireland. Archived from the original on 24 November Retrieved 15 October In response to these difficulties, 'Britain and Ireland' is becoming preferred usage although there is a growing trend amounts some critics to refer to Britain and Ireland as 'the archipelago'.
National Parks and Wildlife Service. Archived from the original PDF on 27 March Retrieved 30 January Geological History of Britain and Ireland. Blackwell Publishing. Stephen Irish Journal of Earth Sciences. Dublin: Royal Irish Academy.
Geology and Environment in Britain and Ireland. CRC Press. A New History of Ireland. Oxford University Press. Chesney McGill-Queen's Press.
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Cork snooker star Aaron Hill sets up possible showdown with Ken Doherty. Proposed changes to Cork GAA club draw will see clubs take a huge financial hit. Dream draw for neutrals but Tipp will ask questions about Cork hurlers' true form. West Cork Schoolboys League call in guest coach to upskill young players.
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